In recent years, man, first time in his history, has confronted with certain entirely new kinds of tragic problems like speedily recurring floods and droughts; grave pollution of air, water and land; ever shrinking natural landscapes; fastly vanishing wild life and depleting natural resources-; human population explosion andresultant continuously increasing greed, competition, anxiety, tension, feeling of insecurity, fear, confusion, violence, wars, cropped up only due to thoughtless exploitation of various natural resources by man and also due to his absolutely egoist attitude towards nature. Science of ecology has come forward to human rescue to save him from this state of self-destruction, dilemma and paradox.This encyclopedic biological discipline has provided answers for many biological riddles and in fact, it has opened new vistas in divergent fields of human interest like agriculture, forestry, fisheries, city-planning, sewage and garbage disposal, conservation, medicine, human behaviour, etc.Timely recognition of the significance of the subject of ecology has resulted in its inclusion in the syllabi of various Indian Uni-versities. Visualising the current ecological awareness, the authors have prepared this text book "Principles of Ecology" for the students of B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.), and M. Sc. of different Universities in India. This book will serve the purpose of the students of botany, zoology, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, fishery, limnology and oceanography. Authors have attempted to present thesubject matter in most simple, lucid but exhaustive way, so that it becomes easily understandable. Effusive Indian examples are cited in the various chapters for the benefit of the readers. Readers may find various significant references at the end of the book for the further púrsuance of the subject. Glossary, index and revision questions have been included at appropriate places. The authors hope that this book will serve the purpose of readers more adequately.New Delhi, for their whole hearted co-operation in the publication of this book.Suggestions for the further improvement of the book shall be highly appreciated and would be incorporated in future editions